Each one of you has a part to play in the days ahead. Each part is unique and entirely different, but each part makes up the perfect whole. Contribute your part at the right time and in the right place. Like a play being enacted, each player has his or her part. All the players are not on the stage at the same time except at the end. Some of the parts are leading parts, some are smaller ones; nevertheless everyone is needed to produce the perfect play. Work in unison, entering and doing your part, then withdrawing into the background to watch and learn while The others take their parts. In this there is perfect rhythm.Eileen Caddy in God Spoke to Me
Looking at Community Economy, it can easily be compared with the fable of 5 blind men describing an elephant. This edition of the Topic is just a start, we welcome your input and suggestions from improvement for future revisions.
The hammer is not the cathedral
Without it the cathedral cannot be built.
The kitchen knife is not the banquet
Without it the guests won’t eat.The paper is not the symphonyWithout it we couldn’t listen to Beethoven’s music.
What seems to run through all spiritual communities is an ambivalence toward material wealth; the feeling is that creating wealth is unspiritual, but the underlying wish is for comfort and a reasonable standard of living. This ambivalence stops individuals and businesses from becoming abundant.Johnny Brierley in Financing a sustainable dream


In 1972 Captain Ross Stewart, in his first letter as Findhorn Foundation chair of trustees, described the expansion of the Community.
- The powerful manifestation stories of the early days speak of an economy of trust, and external financial support often by individuals inspired by the work of the Community (as expressed in Ross Stewart’s letter above).
- With the influx of young people in the 1970s, volunteering in exchange for room and board, made for a very low cash economy. A small allowance was awarded to Findhorn Foundation (FF) members to pay for personal items.
- Later this allowance was supplemented by ‘blue money’ which was an internal currency to be spent in the Phoenix Shop.
- The FF offered a Savings Club which allowed members to deposit savings, thus in turn supporting the FF’s finance management.
- Through the concept of ‘independent businesses’ organisations settled in the ‘wider’ Community around the Findhorn Foundation. These organisations generally were more ‘mainstream’ with employment or self-employed contracting.
- The Local Exchange and Trading System (LETS) was introduced in the early 1993, and after a few years a more inclusive New Moray LETS was set up locally.
- In 2001 Ekos (Economic Kinship Organic Sustainability) became the Community currency
- Following the Community Change Process in 2016, the Enquiry Circle, later renamed Collaboration Circle became a forum for organisations in the Park Ecovillage to create more cohesion. The working group mapped all the organisations in the Community at the time and created an interactive map.

Park Ecovillage Kumu organisational map snapshot 2020
first publication of God Spoke to Me
This was the very beginning of Findhorn Publications (officially inaugurated in 1971) which became a major activity of the Findhorn Foundation, including books and tapes etc. First it moved into NFD Ltd in 1991 until the closure of the Trading Centre and the sale of Findhorn Press in 1994 to Karin and Thierry Bogliolo who ran it until 2018 when it became part of Inner Traditions publishing.
First Community Newsletter: Findhorn News March 1969
This was the beginning of several different Community Magazines over the decades. The most prolific ones were One Earth Magazine – (almost 80 issues) and Network News (46 issues), and the Rainbow Bridge, the local weekly Community newsletter from 1978 to the present.
Findhorn Studios Limited set up by Peter Caddy as ‘money-earning arm’ of the Community.
Findhorn Pottery
initially managed by Brian Nobbs, who returned in 1979 to rebuild and restart the Pottery as a business. By 1983 is was again a Findhorn Foundation work department. Brian rebuilt it once more, in 2005 he sold the business to Belia Biesheuvel. In 2022 Findhorn Pottery moved to Findhorn Village and the Park Pottery was taken over by a group of Community members.
Printing Office is re-fitted; Findhorn Publications inaugurated
Community opens its own shop
Initially known as the Sparshop, it became the Phoenix Shop run within NFD. Through the first Community buy-out it became community owned in 2001, and changed into a CIC (Community Interest Company) in 2016.
Findhorn Foundation legally inaugurated on 9th May
First letter by Captain Ross Stewart, chair of trustees
First residential Findhorn Conference
Architects Of Aquarius, September the beginnings of over 120 conferences or large events until the last one in 2019.
Release of first Findhorn music tapes
This evolved into Findhorn Music which later merged with Findhorn Press.
Prototype of Experience Week takes place in June, titled Experiencing Findhorn
New Printing Building is completed in front of Hall site
First Game Of Transformation, then called The Game of Life, is played at Cluny
1986 Joy Drake leaves for USA and sets up Innerlinks with Kathy Tyler, Transformation Game in a box. For more information please read our Topic Game of Transformation.
New Findhorn Directions (NFD), is formed
A limited liability company and wholly owned by the Findhorn Foundation, created as a holding company to permit commercial activities initiated by members and ex-Foundation departments to be carried on outside the umbrella of the charitable trust. In 1994 Thierry Bogliolo describes the changes in NFD in a One Earth article. NFD has seen many changes over the decades, taking on HoCo (Housing Company) as more private homes were built in the Park Ecovillage, and later in collaboration with the Titleholder Association, taking on the responsibility for the infrastructure on this ‘private estate’ where many council services (such as sewage and water) stop at the entrance. This includes the electrical distribution system from the wind turbines. In 2024, with the withdrawal of the Findhorn Foundation and the transfer of assets to the Park Ecovillage, NFD finds itself once again in a major transition.
Weatherwise Homes founded by Lyle and Liza Schnadt
An Idea Becomes a Business by Liza Schnadt. The business eventually became part of NFD before setting up as an independent business in 1984. George Goudsmit took over from Lyle in 1990, renamed the company AES Solar. This company, with its offices in Forres, has gone from strength to strength receiving the Queen’s Award for sustainability in 2022. Click here to read George’s story and see AES timeline.
Articles in One Earth Magazine
Economics as a Way of the Spirit by David Spangler
Business in the New Age by David Spangler
Newbold House goes independent; begins its own workshop programmes
1982 Purchase of Newbold House by newly formed Newbold Trust. Newbold ran as a residential community and workshop centre until 2020 when the building was sold, and the Newbold Legacy Trust was set up. For more details please see here.
Associate Members are setting up ‘independent businesses’
Richard Brockbank was one of the first to set up an independent enterprise.
Cluny Hill College mission to generate income formulated
This was focalised by Kay Tift, with the expressed mission to “Being the primary educational facility for the FF, to run workshops and generate income for FF.”
Kay Tift, April 9, 1983: Section F: Vision and Function of Cluny Hill – Functions:
- The Foundation’s principal Guest Accommodation;
- The Foundation’s major Campus Site for educational programmes;
- An important Residence for Findhorn Members;
- The location for Assigned Community Services such as Transport, Accommodation Office, Bakery and Laundry;
- The location for Income Producing Businesses such as the Bookshop.
Roger Benson recalls: “The community context here was that the community was mired deeply in debt and cash was in very short supply. So cost saving and cash earning (filling beds) were necessities.”
Green Room Café opens in Universal Hall
In the early 1990s it was renamed Helios, and then Blue Angel Café. It is now the Phoenix Café operated by the Phoenix CIC.
Minton House is purchased by a group of Community associates; opens as retreat centre
The house was sold into private ownership in 2002, between 2005 and 2010 Shambhala, a Buddhist retreat centre, opened it again for Community use. Since 2010 it has been a private home.
13-20 Oct 1984 THE NEW ECONOMIC AGENDA – conference
Presenters: Guy Dauncey, Chris Elphick, Lionel Fifield, Paul Hawken, Ian Gordon-Brown, Jose Lutzenberger, Linda Ecklin, Jonathon Porritt, Peter Schwarz, Charles Handy Focalisers: Vita De Waal, Francois Duquesne.
Moray Steiner School opens in the Family House
It moved to Drumduan House in Forres in 1987 operating still under the Findhorn Foundation until 1989 when a separate charity was set up, Moray Steiner School Ltd. In 2016 it changed to Drumduan School Ltd. In 2019 Drumduan House was purchased by Ekopia and rented to Drumduan School.
One Earth Magazine Articles
Echo-nomics:The Science of Comeback by Lionel Fifield
Politics and the New Economics by Jonathan Porritt
From Community to Village: An Economic Perspective by Alex Walker
The Four Horsemen of the Economic Apocalypse…. by Alex Walker
One Earth Magazine Articles
Free Enterprise in the Ashram (1986/7) by Andrew Murray
Path to Prosperity by Richard Coates
From Organisation to Organism: a new view of Business and Management – conference

Findhorn Today – Papers prepared for New Think Tank Conference October 1987 New York City
Click here to see all the papers that are published in the collective autobiography.
Findhorn Ecotravels
Linking with Russia, begins operating. Liza Hollingshead organises visits between Russia and the UK as part of ‘citizen diplomacy’ initiatives.
One Earth Magazine Articles
Community’s first wind-power generator, Moya, is built in Pineridge
This was the beginning of what became a dedicated company, Findhorn Wind Park, in 2002. Moya, a 75kW turbine, served the Community well until 2017 when it was dismantled. In 2006 it was joined by three much bigger turbines (225kW each) which are still working well, as they had a major refurbishment in 2023.
1990
Posthouse Printing
Set up by Alan Harfield and Vidura le Fevre in an old posthouse outside Forres. Published One Earth Magazine 1990-1996. Moved into the Pubs Building in the Park Ecovillage which it shared with Findhorn Press, printing the Findhorn Foundation brochures and supported many individuals and businesses with design and printing services. Rebranded as Big Sky. Closed during the pandemic lockdown in 2021.
Findhorn Independent Practitioners’ Group
A group of complementary and alternative practitioners got together, agreed on a Code of Ethics and Practice and created a directory. This has evolved into Moray Complementary Therapies, and still offers access to alternatives in healthcare to everyone in Moray.
1992
Findhorn Foundation Management and Trustees ask several work departments to ‘go independent’
Trees For Life (TfL) becomes a registered Scottish charity
The work of restoring the Caledonian Forest goes from strength to strength over the decades. In 2024 the office is still in the Park Ecovillage but the focus of the work is in the Highlands, particularly in the estate that the charity owns, Dundreggan. Click here to read more about Trees for Life.
Holistic Health Care (HHC) is registered as Scottish charity
Initially based in the Park Ecovillage, the charity opens HealthWorks in Forres in 1994. Click here to read more about the work of HHC.
Findhorn LETS (Local Exchange and Trading system)
Started by a small group of Community members including Nicole Edmonds, Jill Brierley, Philip Stewart, and Cornelia Featherstone.
New Moray LETS started in 1998 to increase accessibility in the local area for several years there were 2 local LETS systems, eventually Findhorn LETS closed, New Moray LETS is still going strong.
Findhorn Press sold
Findhorn Foundation trustees sold Findhorn Press to Thierry and Karin Bogliolo who ran it until 2018 when it became part of Inner Traditions publishing.
Community supported agriculture scheme, Earthshare, is set up
This beautiful video includes a lot of footage about EarthShare and the fields and Cullerne. Boxing Clever Cookbook helped customers to deal better with the vegetables they received in their boxes. Earthshare ceased operation in 2011 for various reasons but it has inspired many people and enhanced the awareness UK-wide for local organic food and community farming.
The Nepal Trust, founded by Alan Jacobsen
Set up as charity in 2001, supported health posts in rural areas of Nepal for several years.
One Earth Magazine articles
Earthshare – Feeding Community needs by Andrew Aikman
Spirit in a Material World by Andrew Ferguson
NFD – Changing the Way We Do Business by Thierry Bogliolo
Can the Pottery Survive & Thrive by Brian Nobbs
Money, Money, Money by Corinne McLaughlin and Gordon Davidson see One Earth Magazine issue 15 p8
Ecologia Trust, founded by Liza Hollingshead, is registered as a Scottish Charity
Over the years Ecologia supported children, young people and families in many countries, including Russia, Myanmar/Thailand, Scotland, Kenya and Uganda. It closed down in 2024.
One Earth Magazine Articles
Financing a Sustainable Dream, Johnny Brierley & Alex Walker with Carol Alexander
19-26 Oct 1996 BUSINESS FOR LIFE : RECONSECRATING OUR WORK – conference
Presenters: Richard Barrett, Satish Kumar, Peter Russell, William Bloom, Ashley Ramsden Focaliser: Johnny Brierley
Duneland Ltd was set up to purchase the Wilkie Estate, north of the Park.
A company with shareholders, Community members who put up the money for the initial purchase and later for subsequent development phases. The first major step taken was to set aside 200 acres for a newly set up Findhorn Dunes Trust to preserve the land in perpetuity. In 2006 start of the Findhorn Hinterland Group (later Trust), sale of land to the Soillse Co-Housing cluster, and still ongoing development of the Magic Triangle including crucial support for affordable housing.
Findhorn Foundation Consultancy Service is formed
In 2006 it goes independent, renamed Findhorn Consultancy Service. The Consultancy provided services to corporations, NGOs, charities and individuals. It ran Business Experience Weeks, 3 annual Walk Your Talk conferences for social and environmentally sustainable businesses and paved the way for the founding of the Findhorn International Centre for Sustainability in 2010.
Build One Ltd set up
Mark Jones brought together a group of builders to build many of the houses on the Field of Dreams.
Ekopia was registered as an Industrial and Provident Society in Edinburgh on 6th February 2001.
The first investment was £137,000 in the Phoenix Shop since then supporting many Community projects – for more details click here.
Findhorn Foundation College begins courses
A limited company was set up to deliver accredited courses, work with universities etc.. Later renamed to Findhorn College. It ceased activities in 2021.
Economic Impact Assessment
Commissioned by the local enterprise company, supported by the Findhorn Foundation, this assessment looked at the economic impact of the Findhorn Foundation, Park Ecovillage Findhorn and wider community on the economy of Moray. A short Summary written by Alex Walker was published 2013.
Cullerne House is sold by Findhorn Foundation to Community business
Findhorn Flower Essences founded in 1993 by Marion Leigh. After her death her daughter Iona, stepped into leadership in 2019 and is continuing her mother’s legacy to date – visit the website.
BodySurf founded
Dance artists Karl Jay-Lewin and Deborah Jay-Lewin (now Deborah Lewin) believed that the setting of Findhorn and locally-based arts facilities would provide the perfect platform upon which to showcase contemporary dance to rural Scottish audiences. Later rebranded as dancenorth.
Minton House is purchased by Community group
It is renamed Shambala and is operated as Buddhist retreat centre until 2010.
The Bakehouse in Findhorn Village
First, the Phoenix Bakery moved into the old Bakehouse bought by David Hoyle and Jan Boultbee (Ekobay Ltd) in 1994. A while later the restaurant/café opened next door. Initially it was part of the Phoenix Community Stores. In 2009 Ekobay bought the business from the Phoenix, and Jan and David left the Phoenix. As the restaurant/café had to close due to lockdowns during the pandemic in 2020, it transformed into The Bakehouse Market, wholefoods and deli, offering a lot of local produce, thus protecting jobs, supporting local producers and continuing to serve the local population. In 2024 Jan and David sold the business to two of the staff, Alisha and Dawn Payne.
Findhorn Hinterland Group first public meeting in James-Milne Institute, Findhorn.
Operated as an unincorporated community group until 2015 when it was set up at Findhorn Hinterland Trust SCIO
Opening of Moray Art Centre (MAC) on Field Of Dreams
The Art Centre Building was purchased by Ekopia in 2021 and leased to the MAC charity
Green Burial Ground at Wilkie’s Woods established
Managed by the Findhorn Hinterland Group, later Findhorn Hinterland Trust
Park Ecovillage Trust (PET) established
Initially set up to deliver a programme in schools under the Climate Challenge Fund, it now operates several divisions which serve the Community.
FF Building Bridges initiative launched
The objective of this initiative was to bring a broader spectrum of people to the FF. BB ran bespoke programmes for local, national and international groups, and also birthed the Care Farm initiative which began in 2015, hosting weekly visits for local people with learning difficulties.
Findhorn International Centre for Sustainability (FICS) started
FICS began as part of the Building Bridges initiative to bring a broader diversity of participants to the FF. By providing education to the corporate, policy making, NGO, charitable and academic sectors it also served to build a successful new income stream. FICS began with one programme, The Findhorn International Forum on Sustainability in 2010, and grew to nine programmes in 2019. These programmes were from 2 to 4 days in length and included such subjects as Climate Finance, The Authentic Investor, Unblocking the Future, Water Security, Leading from the Future, and Trauma-informed Leadership. There was a break during the pandemic, then programmes began again in 2021 with Moving Beyond COP, and ended in September 2023 when the Foundation paused its educational offerings.
Claysongs Ceramics Studio set up in East Whins
Vera Bohlen set up her pottery business in a flexi-unit in the laundry block in East Whins.
Findhorn Hinterland Trust incorporated as SCIO (Scottish Charitable Incorporated Organisation)
Taking forward the work the Findhorn Hinterland Group had been doing since 2006, including the Green Burial Ground in Wilkie’s Woods.
Roots, Fruits and Leaves
Karen Hughes started to work with local organic growers to bring their produce to customers through an online-shop box scheme. This operated until 2021 when Karen had to give it up due to ill health.
Annual NFA GatherIn Awards championed by Ariane Burgess
For the next 4 years NFA invited Community projects and entrepreneurs to submit applications and present it to the Community which then voted on how to spend the available funds.
Growing2gether is being set up
Connecting young people to their communities: as mentors to children in need of extra support, and by creating youth-led projects In the Community – initially under Ecologia Youth Trust, formed as an independent SCIO in 2022.
La Boheme – Gianluca Avignon takes on the business.
He started to build it into the Pizzeria it still is, in 2024, praised by customers for it’s pizzas ‘being the best this side of Rome‘. With his business partner Stefano Nebiolo he set it up as La Boheme Catering Ltd in 2022.
Biomatrix Ltd set up
Biomatrix took on management of the Living Machine in the Park Ecovillage.
Findhorn Hive is completed by Ekopia
With the assistance of a LEADER Grant and the support of The Pebble Trust, Naturesave Trust and the Beatrice Fund, to provide offices, hot desking and startup support for emergent businesses.
Drumduan School Association sell Drumduan House to Ekopia
This facilitated a financial restructuring to allow the school community to focus on their educational objectives.
Park Pottery Findhorn set up
When Findhorn Pottery moved to Findhorn Village, the Park Pottery was taken over by a group of Community members under The Park Pottery Ltd.
Findhorn Foundation Trust withdraws from the Park Ecovillage (in February), ceases educational offerings and closes Cluny Hill College (on 1st October).
The Trust is being wound up, and a new charitable organisation, Findhorn Foundation SCIO launched on 1st May 2024. It is presently offering educational programmes in Traigh Bhan on Iona and is hoping to extend that to Erraid in the near future. Plans to return educational offerings to the Park Ecovillage are at an early stage.
Titleholders Association (THA) set up as a limited company.
The operations of the Titleholders Association in the Park Ecovillage had been held within Ekopia since 2004. Now the time had come to set it up as an separate company.
Bay Area Graphics
Community Shop – Spar Shop transition to Phoenix shop
***
This Topic was compiled by Cornelia Featherstone and Sylvia Robertson with help from many, in particular Roger Benson (From Organisation to Organism conference and more), Fasil Bogale (Ekopia Timeline), and especially David Hoyle, Jan Boultbee, and Sebastian Franke.
Inspired by CommUnity, a group of NFA volunteers, manages this website. Hearing each others stories, and learning about the history of this community can help us all to find more cohesion and a sense of belonging. Read more.<
Leave A Comment